KVM和KVM安装黑群晖
Table of Contents
Overview
KVM是基于硬件的完全虚拟化，其虚拟化需要硬件支持（如Intel VT技术或者 AMD-V技术)。
少量机器的管理，发行版+Kvm，使用libvirtd管理，virt-manager远程管理， lvm做存储后端，是最简单、可控性最高、性能也较好的方案。
首先检查自己的机器是否支持VT,
egrep -o '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
install
sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin bridge-utils \ virtinst # virt-manager: GUI管理窗口 # bridge-utils:用于网络桥接 # virtinst: support virt-install
# 验证KVM内核是否加载成功： lsmod | grep kvm # 证实KVM正常运行 virsh -c qemu:///system list # 如果提示你没权限操作，则需要将当前操作账户添加进libvirtd组，命令为： sudo usermod -G libvirtd -a username
安装完后默认会生成一个网桥virbr0, 这里自己创建一个NAT的网桥br0
/etc/network/interfaces
auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
EOF
或者手动临时测试配置:
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 up $ sudo brctl addbr br0 $ sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 $ sudo dhclient br0
Configure and install DSM
如果安装 virt-manager 直接启动 virt-manager 来GUI操作KVM.
The KVM hypervisor supports qcow2. qcow2 images support compression, snapshots and a few other nice things like growing on demand (thin provisioning, sparse file) and a read only base image. There was a performance overhead but nowdays that is almost negligent. To create an 10GB qcow2 image:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 ./dsm.qcow2 10G
virt-install \ --name DSM \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./dsm.qcow2,format=qcow2 \ --os-type linux \ --network bridge=br0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55 \ --graphics vnc,port=5999 \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --cdrom ./XPEnoboot_DS3615xs_5.2-5967.1.iso
从 https://www.synology.com/en-us/support/download/DS3615xs 下载 Synology Assistant. 或者 http://find.synology.com/ .
# stop virsh destroy DSM # start virsh start DSM
如果迟迟没有看到新设备，可以用vnc客户端连接host的5999端口，查看虚拟机的屏幕。
More
virt-install examples1
Debian 8
virt-install \ --name debian8 \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./debian8.qcow2,size=8 \ --vcpus 1 \ --os-type linux \ --os-variant generic \ --network bridge=virbr0 \ --graphics none \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --location 'http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie/main/installer-amd64/' \ --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'
CentOS 7
virt-install \ --name centos7 \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./centos7.qcow2,size=8 \ --vcpus 1 \ --os-type linux \ --os-variant centos7 \ --network bridge=virbr0 \ --graphics none \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --location 'http://mirror.i3d.net/pub/centos/7/os/x86_64/' \ --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'
Ubuntu 14.04
virt-install \ --name ubuntu1404 \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./ubuntu1404.qcow2,size=8 \ --vcpus 1 \ --os-type linux \ --os-variant generic \ --network bridge=virbr0 \ --graphics none \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --location 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/installer-amd64/' \ --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'
OpenSUSE 13
virt-install \ --name opensuse13 \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./opensuse13.qcow2,size=8 \ --vcpus 1 \ --os-type linux \ --os-variant generic \ --network bridge=virbr0 \ --graphics none \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --location 'http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/' \ --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'
Generic ISO
Download an ISO file and give the filename to the --cdrom= parameter.
This is used instead of --location. A VNC console is available on
localhost, port 5999 for you to use.
virt-install \ --name freebsd10 \ --ram 1024 \ --disk path=./freebsd10.qcow2,size=8 \ --vcpus 1 \ --os-type generic \ --os-variant generic \ --network bridge=virbr0 \ --graphics vnc,port=5999 \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --cdrom ./FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso \
os-variant
You can get a list of supported operating system variants with the
osinfo-query os command
sudo apt-get install libosinfo-bin
$ osinfo-query os Short ID | Name | Version | ID ----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------------------------- altlinux1.0 | Mandrake RE Spring 2001 | 1.0 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/1.0 altlinux2.0 | ALT Linux 2.0 | 2.0 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/2.0 altlinux2.2 | ALT Linux 2.2 | 2.2 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/2.2 altlinux2.4 | ALT Linux 2.4 | 2.4 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/2.4 altlinux3.0 | ALT Linux 3.0 | 3.0 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/3.0 altlinux4.0 | ALT Linux 4.0 | 4.0 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/4.0 altlinux4.1 | ALT Linux 4.1 | 4.1 | http://altlinux.org/altlinux/4.1 ....
start, stop and remove VM
$ virsh start centos7 $ virsh list --all # To stop a VM, you give the (unintuitive) command $ virsh destroy centos7 # remove the VM from the virsh list $ virsh undefine centos7 # Reboot (soft & safe reboot) a vm/domain called openbsd $ virsh reboot name $ virsh shutdown foo # Reset (hard reset/not safe) a vm/domain called openbsd $ virsh reset openbsd
misc
# connect to your hypervisor. This can be local, or even remote. $ virsh connect qemu:///system # export the XML of an existing virtual machine: virsh dumpxml centos7 > ./centos7.xml # libvirt XML format: http://libvirt.org/format.html $ virt-xml-validate /path/to/XML/file
Once you have an XML file describing the new virtual machine you want to create, import it into virsh, and run it immediately:
$ virsh create /tmp/foo_new.xml # Alternatively, if you want to define it, but not run it, you could have used: $ virsh define /tmp/foo_new.xml
Console:
$ virsh console foo
To view network information for a specific virtual network:
virsh net-dumpxml [vnet name]